The Windows ACPI driver, Acpi.sys, is an inbox component of the Windows operating system. The responsibilities of Acpi.sys include support for power management and Plug and Play (PnP) device enumeration. On hardware platforms that have an ACPI BIOS, the HAL causes Acpi.sys to be loaded during system startup at the base of the device tree. Acpi.sys acts as the interface between the operating system and the ACPI BIOS. Acpi.sys is transparent to the other drivers in the device tree.
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For each device described in the ACPI namespace hierarchy, the Windows ACPI driver, Acpi.sys, creates either a filter device object (filter DO) or a physical device object (PDO). If the device is integrated into the system board, Acpi.sys creates a filter device object, representing an ACPI bus filter, and attaches it to the device stack immediately above the bus driver (PDO). For other devices described in the ACPI namespace but not on the system board, Acpi.sys creates the PDO. Acpi.sys provides power management and PnP features to the device stack with these device objects. For more information, see Device stacks for an ACPI device.
Acpi.sys and the ACPI BIOS support the basic functions of an ACPI device. To enhance the functionality of an ACPI device, the device vendor can supply a WDM function driver. For more information, see Operation of an ACPI device function driver.
An ACPI device is specified by a definition block in the system description tables in the ACPI BIOS. A device's definition block specifies, among other things, an operation region, which is a contiguous block of device memory that is used to access device data. Only Acpi.sys modifies the data in an operation region. The device's function driver can read the data in an operation region but must not modify the data. When called, an operation region handler transfers bytes in the operation region to and from the data buffer in Acpi.sys. The combined operation of the function driver and Acpi.sys is device-specific and is defined in the ACPI BIOS by the hardware vendor. In general, the function driver and Acpi.sys access particular areas in an operation region to perform device-specific operations and retrieve information. For more information, see Supporting an operation region.
ACPI control methods are software objects that declare and define simple operations to query and configure ACPI devices. Control methods are stored in the ACPI BIOS and are encoded in a byte-code format called ACPI machine language (AML). The control methods for a device are loaded from the system firmware into the device's ACPI namespace in memory, and interpreted by the Windows ACPI driver, Acpi.sys.
To invoke a control method, the kernel-mode driver for an ACPI device initiates an IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL request, which is handled by Acpi.sys. For drivers loaded on ACPI-enumerated devices, Acpi.sys always implements the physical device object (PDO) in the driver stack. For more information, see Evaluating ACPI control methods.
Revision 5.0 of the ACPI specification introduces a set of features to support low-power, mobile PCs that are based on System on Chip (SoC) integrated circuits and that implement the connected standby power model. Starting with Windows 8 and later versions, the Windows ACPI driver, Acpi.sys, supports the new features in the ACPI 5.0 specification. For more information, see Windows ACPI design guide for SoC platforms.
When using SCSI devices in Windows it is necessary to use the appropriate ASPI layer driver. Mac OS X Panther (10.3) and Tiger (10.4) do not have as sufficient SCSI support as OS X 10.2.8 (Jaguar) or OS 9.2.2 do: Some SCSI controller cards (e.g. from Adaptec) might not work correctly with 10.3/4. Recent Mac models featuring PCI-X slots, and older controller cards cannot be used in these. Furthermore, firewire-to-SCSI converters might not always provide stable communication.
The TWAIN plug-in variant offers to scan directly from a TWAIN compatible application (e.g. Adobe Acrobat 4 and 5, JASC Paintshop Pro 8.10 or later, Corel PhotoPaint 10, GIMP 2.0 or later, IrfanView, etc.). Not all graphics and OCR programs are sufficiently TWAIN compatible and might cause interference (e.g. OmniPage, Ulead PhotoImpact 10 with Microtek drivers).
Note: 32 vs. 64-bit versions of Windows: The compatibility trick I describe in Tip #1 only works because I was running the 32-bit version of Windows. 64-bit versions of Windows XP never really took off, mostly because of the lack of driver support for various hardware. That changed with Vista, and with Windows 7, 64-bit versions are more common than 32-bit. When you are using 64-bit versions of Windows, ALL of your hardware device drivers must be 64-bit as well.
Historically (from early UNIX times) it was decided it's a bad idea to provide raw device access to the users w/o root (Admin) rights because of the security reasons. So StarBurn by default does not work w/o such rights as well. However if it's critical features for you there's a way to make it work. Using special driver located in "Bin\StarOpen\Debug[Release]\i386[amd64]" (paths are different for debug and release version and for 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems). Just copy it to Windows [or whatever your Windows folder is called]\System32\Drivers folder, apply StarOpen.reg from "Bin\StarOpen" folder and reboot. After rebooting you'll have StarBurn SDK and all of it applications having free access to your CD/DVD burners w/o Admin rights. StarOpen has extra feature - it allows opening devices in truly "exclusive" way. So no single software would be able to access them while they are used by StarBurn SDK or StarBurn applications. You need to set "Exclusive" to "1" in StarOpen.reg. Driver restart required to update the parameters. StarOpen driver is used by both ASPI and SPTI transports.Alternative way to achieve the same goal is installing SPTD (SCSI Pass-Through Direct) driver from Duplex Secure Inc. This driver has extra benefit of hiding SCSI traffic between application and burner and providing 100% safe and secure access to the burner. No single SCSI filter driver would break burning process and result coaster! SPTD is shipped with StarBurn SDK and is completely re-distributable.Please keep in mind: there is other software hacking system registry to allow software running w/o Admin rights to access raw devices. However if in case of StarBurn SDK this feature is private, other software just creates backdoor lowering down system security level. Just never allow anybody to have any backdoors or you'd lose your system installation and critical data one day.
What are ASPI, SPTI and SPTD? Why should I have wnaspi32.dll shipped with my software? Is there any way to avoid this? ASPI stands for "Advanced SCSI Programming Interface" and it was standard way for accessing SCSI devices under early versions of Windows. Later ATAPI (and other interface) devices got SCSI-like interface and it was easy to have single way of programming them at low level. Starting from Windows NT ASPI support was dropped by Microsoft (and replaced with SPTI, stands for "SCSI Pass-Through Interface") but a lot of people found easier to have ONE way of coding for all of the supported operating systems then just treat every single OS in the other way. So if you need Windows 95/98/Me line of the operating systems - please stick with ASPI and use StarBurn_CdvdBurnerGrabber_Create(...) API call to create burning device object. Windows 95/98/Me has ASPI stack built-in and you may use Rocket Division Software ASPI layer as redistributable WnASPI32.dll file shipped together with your software if you run it under Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/2008/7/2012/8/2016/10. Please note that other ASPI layers may work with StarBurn and may not work with StarBurn. We've been tested with own one and Adaptec ASPI layers only. However if you don't plan to use old and unsupported by OS vendor itself systems and want to stick with NT-like operating systems (NT itself, XP, Vista and Longhorn) only use StarBurn_CdvdBurnerGrabber_CreateEx(...) API call. It would end with SPTI calls finally. In such a case you don't need WnASPI32.dll at all! Also there's third way to send commands to the device and we recommend it. Through the special filter driver called SPTD (SCSI Pass-Through Direct). It has a great feature of hiding all of the data traffic between application and raw device. So it's nearly impossible to trace it and break the burning process (quite a lot of poorly designed software like ant viruses and other burning applications can do this). Just install SPTD layer shipped with StarBurn SDK and use StarBurn_CdvdBurnerGrabber_CreateExEx(...) API call to create your burner object. Also you need to ship file sptdintf.dll with your software. So, if other burning software forces you to stick with only one of the programming interfaces to talk to raw device - StarBurn know THREE different ways to do this. And you can pick up the one working for you in the best way.Please see FindDevice, FindDeviceEx and FindDeviceExEx samples from "Samples\StarBurn Core\C" for more of the details.
Windows ASPI PackageAdaptec has its own downloadable ASPI layer pack. ASPIdrivers v4.71.2 ASPI v4.71.2 for Win98, NT 4,ME, 2000 and XP ASPIDriver v4.71 for Win98, NT 4, ME, 2000 andXP. Includes ASPICHK ASPI drivers v 4.70 For Windows 98, NT 4,Me, 2000 and XP W95 ASPI - Use ASPI ver 4.60 found under EZ-SCSI 5.x downloads for Windows 95ImgBurn 2.5.8.0 Win9x/Me/NT4/2k/XP/2003/Vista/2008/7/8/10 (plus all64-bit versions). If you use Wine, it should alsorun on Linux and other x86-based UnixesNote:Use the 4.71.2 ASPI layer, NOT SPTI
Burning with Nero 4.0 and WfW 3.11Ezoto piped up with:I have Nero 4.0 that works on my 9577BTB. I use aRicoh SCSIburner and a 100meg internal zip drive. I don'thave the dos driverfor the Ricoh but using the Future Domain SCSI card withthe FD driversin WFW works perfectly. However after you installand run it, it asks for the WINASPI.dll file that is inWIN95 (OSR2 Win95_02.cab) but that is easy to fix sinceI copy it from95 to the WFW system directory. After that Isuccessfully burned onmy 9577BTB with the 83mhz ODP and 64meg RAM. 2ff7e9595c
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